“Although the reactions of H 2 with I 2 and Br 2 follow similar stoichiometric equations, the rate data are consistent with rate equations of quite different mathematical forms.” • The reference to 'the rate equation' suggests 'uniqueness' that is misleading (to me, at least). Rate equations are never unique. 4 CHAPTER 1 The Basics of Reaction Kinetics for Chemical Reaction Engineering The next task in describing a chemically reacting system is the identifica­ tion of the reactions.

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• • • • • • ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ChemReaX™ is a free web app for modeling and simulating basic chemical reactions. The software is intended for chemistry students and their teachers at the undergraduate and high school (AP/IB) levels. The ChemReaX simluation platform makes it easy to create sophisticated virtual labs in general chemistry and physical chemistry courses. ChemReaX can be used to experiment with chemical thermodynamics, reaction equilibria, kinetics, and acid-base titration. It includes thermodynamic properties for over 1200 chemical species, allowing users to construct a virtually unlimited variety of chemical reactions. Or users can choose from over 80 predefined reactions.

ChemReaX simulates a given reaction from initial conditions to a final equilibrium state, and accurately models the effects of concentrations, temperature and pressure. It comes with a detailed user guide, tutorials and several ready-to-use virtual lab exercises. Questions that can be answered include: Is it possible for a reaction to occur? In which direction will the reaction proceed given an initial state? Is the reaction spontaneous? What is the final equilibrium state?

What if there is a limiting reactant? How does the reaction respond to changes in temperature and initial concentrations of reactants/products? How does the reaction respond to pressure changes at equilibrium? How fast does a reaction proceed and how do the reactant/product concentrations change over time? ChemReax is listed in the,, and databases as an online chemistry education tool, and is also available through the open-access textbook project.

ChemReaX can be used as a virtual lab or testbench to model and simulate a nearly unlimited variety of chemical reactions. The 1200+ chemical species in the ChemReaX database can be combined together as reactants or products in a chemical reaction, covering most reactions of interest to chemistry students and teachers. Reactants and products are selected using the searchable drop-down lists. The user can either balance the equation and have ChemReaX verify its validity, or allow ChemReaX to automatically balance it. The user then enters the initial concentrations of the reactants and products.